THE INFLUENCE OF GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS AND MICROENVIRONMENT ON TUMOR GROWTH AND MALIGNANCY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Glioblastoma is the most malignant and common primary brain tumor, with a median survival rate of less than 15 months. Researchers think the key to understanding its complexity involves the glioblastoma stem cells. Important characteristics of them are plasticity and the quiescent state, which enables them to evade chemotherapy and to hide from the immune system. Besides that, they are notable for their interaction with the microenvironment and for modulating the expression of genes and substances around it. Possible therapeutic targets being explored involve: monoclonal antibodies, normoxia inducing mechanisms, modified natural killer cells, immuno-viral therapy. There is an intimate relationship between glioblastoma stem cells, microenvironment and the tumorigenesis and resistance processes, we have explored the main development axes of this tumor and some novel therapies. Finally, our findings led us to think it would be necessary to have a multifactorial approach, aiming for more than one therapeutic target.